Plantations in 16th and 17th century Ireland

Plantations in 16th and 17th century Ireland were the confiscation of land by the English crown and the colonisation of this land with settlers from England and the Scottish Lowlands.
They followed smaller-scale emigration to Ireland as far back as the 12th century, which had resulted in a distinct ethnicity in Ireland known as the Old English.
The 16th century plantations were established throughout the country by the confiscation of lands occupied by Gaelic clans and Hiberno-Norman dynasties, but principally in the provinces of Munster and Ulster. The lands were then granted by Crown authority to colonists ("planters") from England. This process began during the reign of Henry VIII and continued under Mary I and Elizabeth I. It was accelerated under James I, Charles I and Oliver Cromwell, and in their time the planters came also from Scotland.
The early plantations in the 16th century tended to be based on small "exemplary" colonies. The later plantations were based on mass confiscations of land from Irish landowners and the subsequent importation of large numbers of settlers from England and Wales, later also from Scotland.
The final official plantations took place under the English Commonwealth and Cromwell’s Protectorate during the 1650s, when thousands of Parliamentarian soldiers were settled in Ireland. Outside of the plantations, significant migration into Ireland continued well into the 18th century, from both Great Britain and continental Europe.
The plantations changed the demography of Ireland by creating large communities with a British and Protestant identity. These communities replaced the older Catholic ruling class, which shared with the general population a common Irish identity and set of political attitudes.^[1] The physical and economic nature of Irish society was also changed, as new concepts of ownership, trade and credit were introduced. These changes led to the creation of a Protestant ruling class, which secured the authority of Crown government in Ireland during the 17th century.

Patrick Cragun In America

Short Biography of Patrick Cragun and Family

On Rawlins.org

Horrific Religious Bigotry In Action

The people of Northern Ireland have endured a bloody and brutal conflict for centuries caused by religious, cultural and political prejudices. The Troubles, as the conflict is known in Ireland, has heightened the division between two different peoples, Catholics and Protestants. So, how is compromise found with the blood of over 3500 dead staining the streets and hearts of Northern Ireland? Where is peace in a community so divided? Is there a solution in a land where bigotry and hate dominate the political landscape? The heartbreaking complexity of the Northern Irish conflict is summed up in this account by Seamus Heaney in a lecture when he received the Nobel Prize for literature in 1995:

“One of the most harrowing moments in the whole history of the harrowing of the heart in Northern Ireland came when a minibus full of workers being driven home one January evening in 1976 was held up by armed and masked men and the occupants of the van ordered at gunpoint to line up at the side of the road. Then one of the masked executioners said to them, “Any Catholics among you, step out here”. As it happened, this particular group, with one exception, were all Protestants, so the presumption must have been that the masked men were Protestant paramilitaries about to carry out a tit-for-tat sectarian killing of the Catholic as the odd man out, the one who would have been presumed to be in sympathy with the IRA and all its actions. It was a terrible moment for him, caught between dread and witness, but he did make a motion to step forward. Then, the story goes, in that split second of decision, and in the relative cover of the winter evening darkness, he felt the hand of the Protestant worker next to him take his hand and squeeze it in a signal that said no, don’t move, we’ll not betray you, nobody need know what faith or party you belong to. All in vain, however, for the man stepped out of the line; but instead of finding a gun at his temple, he was thrown backward and away as the gunmen opened fire on those remaining in the line, for these were not Protestant terrorists, but members, presumably, of the Provisional IRA.”

The historical context of the conflict in Northern Ireland must be understood to comprehend the scope of the tragedies and appreciate the hard won compromises of recent years. After the bloody military conquest of a Catholic Ireland by the Protestant British in the 1600′s, order needed to be established in the region. The British monarchy’s solution, The Plantation of Ulster, gave much of the most fertile farm land in the Northeast region of Ireland to Scottish and English Protestant plantation owners, and other British settlers, thus driving native Irish Catholics from their homes. Injustice, combined with close proximity, differing cultures, ideologies, political allegiances, and religious beliefs created fierce hostilities. Alienated Catholics reacted with spurts of violence against the new migrating Protestants, and these conflicts would continue, unresolved, into the 1900′s.

The full article can be found by clicking here: 

C Crigan and Alexander

Found on Family Search, British Census - C is Probably not our Caleb

England, Births and Christenings, 1538-1975," C. Crigan in entry for Alexander Crigan, 1780

I post this type of entry just to have it saved under Cragin... perhaps it will be of value later.

Elisha Cragun 1820 Census

His brother Caleb is there also.

Brookville, Franklin County, Indiana

Journals of Conrad Weiser (1748), George Croghan (1750–1765) Christian Frederick Post (1758),

http://memory.loc.gov/gc/lhbtn/th001/th001.sgm
... terms. Born in Ireland and educated at Dublin, Croghan emigrated ... Caleb Lamb, The Deputies of the Six Nations, Delawares, Shawoenes 0062 63 Owendatts, and Twightwees; Mr. Andrew Montour, Interpreter for the Province of Pennsylvania; Toanshiscoe, Interpreter for the Six Nations. George Croghan ... Conrad Weiser's plantation, we found Pisquetomen lying

Creggan

 Creggan. A town land in what once had been the Barony of Upper Fews, County Armagh, Ulster, Northern Ireland

Through this area flows a small stream called Creeg an River. Creegan is also the name of a road

Croghan. The name of a mountain (6,000 ft. high) west of the city of Arklow in County Wick low, Eire. The name is likely derived from the Gaelic word which is anglicized as croaghaun m eaning: a little pile of stones. 4. Cregan. A surname found throughout Ireland. ...

Journal of The Cork Historical and Archealogical Society

Creagh, Patrick, of Kilroan
Creagh, John, of Corke

Creagh Castle Cragun Castle?

Creagh Castle Gates

Duhallow Hunt. — There are yet other buttons of the Duhallow Hunt in the
family of Captain John Brazier Creagh, of Creagh Castle, and of Mr. Brazier Creagh,
of Stream Hill, Doneraile, which have an important bearing on the history of the club,
as they prove conclusively that the Duhallows existed as a hunt club before a.d. 1800.
The buttons are of silver, and are inscribed "Duhallow Hunt revived, 1800."

There Was Patrick Creagan In Boston in Oct 1883

Oct. 4, 1883, Patrick Creagan of Boston, Related?

Found using Mocavo which pulled up via Google Books this book, click here: History of the town of Hingham, Massachusetts"         

You do not have to read an entire on line document. You can search a document by control & f. That will pull up a search box for that document.

Cragin Relatives?

MIDDLESEX COUNTY.

1641

spent." He died March 28, 1837, aged seventy-two years.

He married (iirstj (^published December 19, 1793), January 19, 1794, Betsey Cragin, who
was born in 1777, and died October ij, 1807, aged thirty-eight years, daughter of Samuel
and Mercy (Chapin) Cragin, who were married September 23, 1769. Samuel Cragin, her
father, was born November 5, 1739, the son of Benjamin and Experience (Aldrichj Cra-
gin, who were married June 13, 1727. Benjamin Cragin, her grandfather, was born No-
vember 2y, 1702, the son of John and Deborah (Skelton) Cragin, who were married April
13, 1700. John Cragin was son of the immigrant ancestors, John and Sarah (Dawes)
Cragin, who were married November 4, 1661

Patrick Cragun Family

The home of Patrick Cragun was on Indian Creek, about 10 miles below Bristol, Va-Tenn, and near Bluff City, Tenn. He received a grant of 170 acres from the state of Tennessee on 10 Nov. 1784. He sold 164 acres lying on Indian Creek, Tenn., to CHARLES BARNETTE, 19 Feb. 1812. This Indenture shows his name as "PATRICK CREGGAN".

 As "PATRICK CREGAN" he helped in building a road in 1795, in old Sullivan County, Tenn. Sullivan county was created out of the northern part of Washington county, by the N.Car. legislature in October 1779. Most of the original records of Sullivan county were destroyed 22 Sept 1863 when a shell from a Federal Battery hit the Sullivan Courthouse at Blountsville, setting it afire and destroying County Court Minutes and Marriages from 1780, and also records of Wills.

The children of Patrick Cragun appear in Franklin County in 1814, where ELISHA CRAGUN entered land. It is not known for certain when Patrick Cragun, their father, came to Indiana. Patrick Cragun had ten (maybe 11) children all certain except the last one. ISAAC CRAIGAN (1785 Vir); ELISHA CRAGUN (1786); JOHN CRAGON (1787); TYRESHA CRAGUN (1789); LYDIA CRAGAN (1791); HANNAH CRAGUN (1795); CALEB CRAGAN (1796 TN); JOSHUA CRAGUN (1796 TN); ELIZABETH CRAGUN (b. 1 May 1799); SYREN CRAGUN(13 Aug 1801); and possibly another son LUCIUS CRAGUN (res. in New York).

Of these children, Isaac Craigan & his descs settled in Cass Co., Ind.

Elisha Cragun and family went west with the Mormons to Utah.

John Cragon family were found to have settled in Tenn., and

Caleb Cragun was in Franklin Co., Ind. in 1819, where he entered land. Joshua Cragun and his twin, Caleb Cragun, were tax payers of Brookville twp, Franklin Co., Ind., in 1828.

Joshua Cragun later removed to Cass Co., Ind., and was in Howard Co., Ind. by 1860.  

Elizabeth Cragun and her brother Syren Cragun went west to Utah, 21 Jan 1846.

Children:

Caleb Cragun Family, England Ireland America

CALEB CRAGUN (first gen.)

b.ca. 1700, Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire, England

d. (unkn)

He resided near the home of Oliver Cromwell. Caleb Cragun moved to Ireland where he married an "Irish lady". They had a son PATRICK CRAGUN.

PATRICK CRAGUN (second gen.)

b.ca. 1743/45, in Northern Ireland.

d. (date unkn), in Va. Tradition tells that some years later his remains were brought to Indiana, and reburied near Whitestown in Boone Co., in a field of a farm near ENOCH CRAGUN, Sr.'s old farm.

JOHNATHAN O. Q. CRAGUN wrote (date unkn) "Our great grandfather PATRICK CRAGUN is buried near Whitestown, Ind. I saw where he was buried some five years ago while I was in Indiana."

Some descendants of Enoch Cragun (son of ELISHA CRAGUN, 1786) stated that they had visited a cemetery at Whitestown, Indiana, and had seen the graves of Patrick Cragun & his son, Elisha Cragun. They said that the cemetery had no name and is in the church yard there.[1]

A trip was made to Whitestown, Ind., in Aug. 1964, by JEAN CRAGUN TOMBAUGH of Rochester, Ind., and a search of four graveyards was made. There were many Cragun graves, but none for our Patrick Cragun. Many were found that were impossible to read, and many that were broken off and the inscription missing. Only one cemetery had no name, and appeared to be very old indeed. It was just off the road enclosed with wire fence. I believe the twp is Eagle twp, and the cemetery is located about two miles south of Whitestown, on the left (east) side after crossing a small bridge. There was no church, although there might have been one originally.

From John Cragin, Scotland

Tradition in the family of Jean (Cragun) Tombaugh, tells that our ancestor was originally of Scotland and the name was McCRAGUN. Also, that Caleb Cragun moved from England to Ireland where he married and had children, one of whom was a son PATRICK, who came to America about the time of the Revolutionary War.[1],[2]. So, right or wrong, we will begin with the Craguns of Scotland.

I visited my cousin FRANCIS KIMBALL CRAGIN, who resides in Woburn, Mass., and there saw the result of his investigation, which was a very complete genealogy of his branch of the family from its founder, the original and only JOHN CRAGIN

With these exceptions all of the Cragins in this country are descendants of the John Cragin who settled in Woburn, Mass. about 200 years ago, and there lived and died.

To the Jean Tombaugh article in full:

CRAIGEN - Local. In 1272 the church of Cragyn (now Craigie) in Kyle was confirmed to the Monks of Paisley by THOMAS de CRAGYN son and heir of JOHN HOSE, who had assumed his surname from his lands (RMP., p.232).

He may be the THOMAS de CREGEYN del counte de ARC who rendered homage in 1296 (Bain 11, p.206). ADE CRAGYNE who held a tenement of Irvine 1477 (Irvine, 1, p.149) most probably derived his name from the same source.

A family of this name in New Pitsligo village were remarkable for their longevity.

(AEI., p.47) CHRISTAIN CRAIGANE was liferenter of Readfurd, 1630 (LIM., p.110)

PATRICK CRAIGEN in Burnebray of Gorthie, 1670 (Dunblane) and

ROBERT CRAIGIN in the Parish of Sumbennan, 1716 (SCM., IV, p.171).

WM CRAIGEN was a member of the Huntley Volunteers, 1798 (Well p.19) (a history of the volunteer movement in Strathbogie from 1798-1808) and

JOHN W. CRAIGEN from King Edward served in the first Great War (Turriff) of Craigie.[3]

......'After a thirty years war in Scotland the Irish took posession permitting any of the Scotch to remain that would join their party, and many, rather than desert their cattle and lands, remained and intermarried with the Irish nobility. The greater part fled to the mountains, and lived there until they were a powerful army, and then came down and retook their lands. The name was then a combination of Irish and Scotch, being McCRAGIN.'

JOHN CRAGIN (Craggen), from Scotland.

b. 1634, Scotland.

d. 27 Oct 1708, Woburn, Mass.

bur. prob. Woburn, Mass. (Woburn Record of Deaths 1640-1873)

From south of Scotland in the "John & Mary" 1652, to Charlestown, Mass., as a prisoner of Cromwell, and sold as a slave to Thomas Kimble.

The ancient surname CRAIG

Cragie Castle

For the full article click here:

The ancient surname CRAIG originated independently in numerous locations and is found in many variations, although its earliest beginnings lie with Scotland, and later, North Ireland. There are many forms and spellings of the name, among them, CRAIGH, CREAG, CRAIGHE, and CREIGH. In Scottish gaelic, "craig" means "rock"; throughout Scotland, many forts and defensible positions were built on the massive rock outcroppings on both the shoreline and the interior of the county. The surname CRAIG, by extension, was then applied to the people who occupied these rocky environs and fortifications.

EARLIEST HISTORY

The CRAIG surname is first found in the area of the Picts, in the eastern part of Scotland. The Picts, considered to be among the earliest settlers of Scotland, were granted settlement of the area on condition that their kings marry Irish princesses. There is evidence in early documents of the name Craig, or a derivative of, before the Norman Conquest of 1066. The name CRAIG emerged as a Clan in the original territories of Aberdeen, seated at Craigfintray Castle in Kildrumie in that Shire. This Northern Clan, frequently associated with the Gordons, first appears in the Ayershire and Lanarckshire areas, circa 1180. There were two other Clans, one associated with the Huntley's, and who were pledged to King Edward I of England during his conquest of Scotland. Fealty was sworn to Edward I by Johan de Cragyn of the county of Linlithgow in 1296. Johan Craig of the same shire and Agneys del Crage of Edinburghshire and Johan del Cragge of Lanarckshire also paid homage in 1296. By 1300, in Aberdeenshire, Bryce de Craig was Burgess of Aberdeen. The land of James del Crag, son of John del Craig, in Ayershire, is mentioned in 1323. Alexander de Cragy was forfeited in 1334, and then pardoned in 1335.

After the foundation of the Church of Scotland, political dissent occurred over the power of the King and civil authorities over the rights of the Church. This led to the beginning of the Presbyterian movement. Many of these religious dissenters fled to Northern Ireland and its freer religious environment. Religious and civil war soon reached North Ireland, bringing more Scots to live in the North. During the 1600's many Scots emigrated to North Ireland, called the "Plantation of Ulster"… our Craig's and Campbell's among them.Thomas' son, Sir James Craig of Craig Castle and Craigston of Aberdeen became one of theScottish undertakers of the Ulster Plantation. Sir James went to England in 1603, had grants of revision of the clerkship of the Wardrobe and of the Office of Assistant Clerk in the King's Great Wardrobe. In 1610 he was granted 1000 acres in County Armagh, which he later sold ......

It is assumed that if a person's CRAIG forefathers came to America from North Ireland, there is a good chance he was a descendent of James, especially if they emigrated between just after the Revolutionary War (U.S) and 1810

Family Creagh In Ireland

This family were established in county Cork from the 16th century and share a common ancestry with the Brasier Creaghs. In the mid 1740s Michael Creagh of Laurentinum, county Cork, sixth son of John Creagh of Killowen, married as his second wife Mary Gethin, sister and heiress of Captain Richard Gethin. Their son Arthur married Isabella Bagwell in 1770 and their second son the Reverend John Bagwell Creagh married Gertrude Miller of Toonagh, county Clare. At the time of Griffith's Valuation their son Arthur Gethin Creagh held land in the parish of Quin, county Limerick and in the parishes of Doneraile, barony of Fermoy and Ightermurragh, barony of Imokilly, county Cork and he and his brother John held land in the county Cork parishes of Clonfert, barony of Duhallow and Liscarroll, barony of Orrery and Kilmore

Found in Landed Estates Database

''Burke's Irish Family Records'' traces the descent of the Creaghs of Killowen, county Cork, from Christopher Creagh, Mayor of Cork in 1541. John Creagh medical doctor of Creagh Castle, Doneraile, county Cork, was the second son of John Creagh of Killowen who married in 1695 Elinor Barret. John Creagh MD married as his second wife Judith Shuldham of Dunmanway, county Cork and they had an only daughter Mary who married in 1779 Alderman Kilner Brooke Brasier of county Limerick. Their second son inherited Castle Creagh.

Creagan In Delaware in 1739 A Cragun Ancestor?

EXTRACTS FROM THE PROBATE RECORDS OF
NEWCASTLE COUNTY, DELAWARE.

Hugh Creagan of Mill Creek Hundred, dealer, by his will dated
October 17th, 1739, left his property to his "sister Catharine
Creagan (alias Divine) wife of Patrick Divine in Ireland."

The History of The Cragun Name

Ireland in the 1700's, Caleb and Patrick Cragun Era

Historical Summary
Ireland - Early 1700's
The century opens with the death of King William III of England and Scotland in 1702. His legacy in Ireland is a Protestant Nation where his supporters in the religious battles of the last decade are now in the ascendancy, and his Catholic opponents are the targets of marginalization and penalization. The Irish parliament is also under William's thumb, and they must disavow themselves of Catholic doctrines.

For their allegiance to Catholic King James II, the Irish Catholics were disarmed, their bishops banished. Penal laws were introduced to strengthened the position of the English Protestants in power, and reduce the Irish Catholics to impotent servants.

Historical Summary
Ireland - Middle 1700's
Economic hardships plague Ireland in the mid 1700's and the internalized harvest-dependant economy keeps Ireland on the brink of calamity. Low prices cause a bank failure in 1733 and famine strikes in 1740 causing bread riots in Dublin. The next year brings dysentery and 400,000 die in the year of the slaughter. The suggestion to cultivate the sturdier corn is met by calls of unfair competition from Britain, and famine returns in 1744 reducing the poor to eating grass. This is about the time Patrick was born.

Historical Summary
Ireland 1760's - The time we are told that Patrick left for America.

The growth of both political extremes: the agrarian secret societies and the parliamentary Patriots, show there is a common Irish desire for freedom from oppression. Their views on oppression are quite contrasting, however, as the religious British imposed inequalities  have created grave socio-economic and judicial disadvantages for Catholics.

The Heiner Patrick Cragun Story As Seen In Ancestry.com

Remembering the famine of 1845-1848 in Ireland

Note: I see a lot of similarities in the stories about Patrick Cragun, his birth, his father, and probable wifes name. However consistant they are they leave me to believe they may be incorrect. They at least are not to my knowledge documented. My hope is to find a documentable confirmation of the storiesa s we know them.

No documentation is provided anywhere that I find. I am yet to find, in that era, a Caleb or a family name spelled CRAGUN.

You will see if you study the previous articles that I have been trying to piece together a link to Patrick and his father in Ireland.

It is logical he left Ireland as the family stories to date suggest. I say that as In the 1740s, economic inequalities, when combined with an exceptionally cold winter and poor harvest, led directly to the famine of 1740-1741, which killed about 400,000 people. I assume it was a tremendous struggle for Patricks parents.

The best we have is stated below, note so little is here about Ireland or England:
Caleb had a son named Patrick who was born c1745 in Ireland, perhaps in County Armagh, Ulster.

However, Heiner reports that a book entitled, History of Cass County, Indiana found at the Indianapolis Library states on page 214 that, "the family of CRAGUN was founded in America by Patrick Cragun who came from Dublin, Ireland prior to the Revolutionary War and who took part in the struggles of the American Colonists that resulted in the winning of Independence.''

She also reports that a genealogical history of South West Virginia states that one Patrick Cragun had been arrested for the fourth time by the King's officers for his revolutionary tendencies.

The identity of his wife, Rose Alley (or Abby) or Hanna Elsy (perhaps a second marriage) is unclear as is the date (1780's) and place of marriage.

They are however, tied to Russell County, Virginia located in the extreme southwestern part of the state 20 miles north of Bristol, through the record of their eldest son Isaac as recorded in the Cass County history.

The family is more closely identified with Sullivan County, Tennessee which borders Virginia and shares the city of Bristol.

The first record of Patrick known to exist is his listing in 1779 as a taxable in Washington County, N.C. which became Sullivan County, TN after 1780. In this record he is entered as Patrick Craguner where he is shown to have been assessed on: 170 acres of land, value L100; four horses, value L510; three cattle, value L30; and ready money, four shillings; for a total taxable estate of L640 and four shillings. While Negros were taxable property at that time, none were taxed to Patrick.

A 1784 listing of 5,486 North Carolina land grants in the new state of Tennessee shows at page 47, grant #1274 to be a general purchase grant to Patrick Cragon for 170 acres on Indian Creek, Sullivan County, Tennessee, a tributary of the Holston River. This farmsted was located only a few miles from Booher Creek, a tributary of Indian creek and the likely location of members of the Booher family.

The Cragun and Booher families were later near neighbors in Boone County, Indiana. Patrick's greatgrandson, S. N. Cragun married Adelaide Booher at Worth Township, Boone County, in 1883, nearly one hundred years following their familiy's neighboring settlements in Tennessee.

The last known listing for Patrick was in 1812 showing that Patrick Creggon sold 164 acres on Indian Creek to Charles Barnette on Feb. 19, 1812. However, a bit earlier he is found as Patrick Cragun of record in Russel Co., VA in 1806, about 30 miles North of the Indian Creek farm, when he was exempt from County levies on account of age and bodily infirmity.