Historical Summary
Ireland - Early 1700's
The century opens with the death of King William III of England and Scotland in 1702. His legacy in Ireland is a Protestant Nation where his supporters in the religious battles of the last decade are now in the ascendancy, and his Catholic opponents are the targets of marginalization and penalization. The Irish parliament is also under William's thumb, and they must disavow themselves of Catholic doctrines.
For their allegiance to Catholic King James II, the Irish Catholics were disarmed, their bishops banished. Penal laws were introduced to strengthened the position of the English Protestants in power, and reduce the Irish Catholics to impotent servants.
Historical Summary
Ireland - Middle 1700's
Economic hardships plague Ireland in the mid 1700's and the internalized harvest-dependant economy keeps Ireland on the brink of calamity. Low prices cause a bank failure in 1733 and famine strikes in 1740 causing bread riots in Dublin. The next year brings dysentery and 400,000 die in the year of the slaughter. The suggestion to cultivate the sturdier corn is met by calls of unfair competition from Britain, and famine returns in 1744 reducing the poor to eating grass. This is about the time Patrick was born.
Historical Summary
Ireland 1760's - The time we are told that Patrick left for America.
The growth of both political extremes: the agrarian secret societies and the parliamentary Patriots, show there is a common Irish desire for freedom from oppression. Their views on oppression are quite contrasting, however, as the religious British imposed inequalities have created grave socio-economic and judicial disadvantages for Catholics.
Showing posts with label Ireland. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Ireland. Show all posts
Thursday, May 24, 2012
The Heiner Patrick Cragun Story As Seen In Ancestry.com
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| Remembering the famine of 1845-1848 in Ireland |
No documentation is provided anywhere that I find. I am yet to find, in that era, a Caleb or a family name spelled CRAGUN.
You will see if you study the previous articles that I have been trying to piece together a link to Patrick and his father in Ireland.
It is logical he left Ireland as the family stories to date suggest. I say that as In the 1740s, economic inequalities, when combined with an exceptionally cold winter and poor harvest, led directly to the famine of 1740-1741, which killed about 400,000 people. I assume it was a tremendous struggle for Patricks parents.
The best we have is stated below, note so little is here about Ireland or England:
Caleb had a son named Patrick who was born c1745 in Ireland, perhaps in County Armagh, Ulster.
However, Heiner reports that a book entitled, History of Cass County, Indiana found at the Indianapolis Library states on page 214 that, "the family of CRAGUN was founded in America by Patrick Cragun who came from Dublin, Ireland prior to the Revolutionary War and who took part in the struggles of the American Colonists that resulted in the winning of Independence.''
She also reports that a genealogical history of South West Virginia states that one Patrick Cragun had been arrested for the fourth time by the King's officers for his revolutionary tendencies.
The identity of his wife, Rose Alley (or Abby) or Hanna Elsy (perhaps a second marriage) is unclear as is the date (1780's) and place of marriage.
They are however, tied to Russell County, Virginia located in the extreme southwestern part of the state 20 miles north of Bristol, through the record of their eldest son Isaac as recorded in the Cass County history.
The family is more closely identified with Sullivan County, Tennessee which borders Virginia and shares the city of Bristol.
The first record of Patrick known to exist is his listing in 1779 as a taxable in Washington County, N.C. which became Sullivan County, TN after 1780. In this record he is entered as Patrick Craguner where he is shown to have been assessed on: 170 acres of land, value L100; four horses, value L510; three cattle, value L30; and ready money, four shillings; for a total taxable estate of L640 and four shillings. While Negros were taxable property at that time, none were taxed to Patrick.
A 1784 listing of 5,486 North Carolina land grants in the new state of Tennessee shows at page 47, grant #1274 to be a general purchase grant to Patrick Cragon for 170 acres on Indian Creek, Sullivan County, Tennessee, a tributary of the Holston River. This farmsted was located only a few miles from Booher Creek, a tributary of Indian creek and the likely location of members of the Booher family.
The Cragun and Booher families were later near neighbors in Boone County, Indiana. Patrick's greatgrandson, S. N. Cragun married Adelaide Booher at Worth Township, Boone County, in 1883, nearly one hundred years following their familiy's neighboring settlements in Tennessee.
The last known listing for Patrick was in 1812 showing that Patrick Creggon sold 164 acres on Indian Creek to Charles Barnette on Feb. 19, 1812. However, a bit earlier he is found as Patrick Cragun of record in Russel Co., VA in 1806, about 30 miles North of the Indian Creek farm, when he was exempt from County levies on account of age and bodily infirmity.
Tuesday, May 22, 2012
Ireland Church History
From FamilySearch Wiki
Effective research in church records requires some understanding of your ancestor's religion and the events that led to the creation of church records.
Major Historical Events
1537 King Henry VIII declared himself supreme head of a new church, the Church of England (Anglican).
1541 Henry VIII became King of Ireland.
1560 The Anglican church (Church of Ireland) became the state church of Ireland under Elizabeth I.
1605-09 The plantation of Ulster was started. Many Presbyterians from Scotland were sent to Ulster to displace Irish Catholics and to strengthen English rule.
1619 The earliest known Church of Ireland parish register (St. John, Dublin) was begun.
1634 A law was passed requiring that Church of Ireland registers be kept.
1637 Presbyterian worship was suppressed by the Church of Ireland.
Mid-1600s The Quaker, Congregationalist, and Baptist movements began. The Huguenot migrations to Ireland also began.
1674 The oldest known Presbyterian register (Antrim, County Antrim) was begun.
1695-1728 The Penal Laws against Catholics were in force. Catholic clergy were banished. The Catholic church was forbidden to keep parish registers and Catholics were deprived of the rights to own property, hold office, and vote.
1719 The Toleration Act was passed, protecting Protestant dissenters.
1726 Nonconforming Presbyterians separated from the main Presbyterian body to form the presbytery of Antrim.
1747 The Methodist movement began.
Update On The Plantation Movement Regarding Patrick Craguns Father Caleb Cragun
In studying Wikipedia - and analyzing the times that Patrick Cragun was born, it appears the Counties below in this article are more likely where Caleb Cragun settled his family than Ulser.
The conditions which motivated the settlements were religous persecution in England and a chance to move up from being poor. It appears these platation movement participants came about 150 years or so after the plantation movement began. If Patrick were indentured out to a bootmaker, the family might have been poor.
Reading the below from Wikipedia would suggest that Counties Sligo, land in Wicklow and planned a full scale Plantation of Connacht, and County Roscommon were more likely locateion. Next, Wentworth surveyed the major Catholic landowners in Leinster
In England, Catholics were greatly outnumbered by Protestants and lived under constant fear of betrayal by their fellows. In Ireland however they could blend in with the local majority Catholic population in a way that was not possible in England. English Catholic planters were most common in County Kilkenny, where they may have made up half of all the English and Scottish planters to arrive in this region.[29] Given this it is no surprise that the sons and grandsons of English planters played a major part in the politics of the Confederation of Kilkenny in the 1640s, most notably James Tuchet, 3rd Earl of Castlehaven.
Plantations stayed off the political agenda until the accession of Thomas Wentworth, a close advisor of Charles I, to the position of Lord Deputy of Ireland in 1632. Wentworth’s job was to raise revenue for Charles and to cement Royal control over Ireland — which meant, among other things, more plantations, both to raise money and to break the political power of the Irish Catholic gentry. Wentworth confiscated land in Wicklow and planned a full scale Plantation of Connacht — where all Catholic landowners would lose between a half and a quarter of their estates. The local juries were intimidated into accepting Wentworth’s settlement and when a group of Connacht landowners complained to Charles I, Wentworth had them imprisoned. However, settlement only went ahead in County Sligo and County Roscommon. Next, Wentworth surveyed the major Catholic landowners in Leinster for similar treatment, including members of the powerful Butler dynasty. Wentworth’s plans were interrupted by the outbreak of the Bishops Wars in Scotland, which eventually led to Wentworth’s execution by the English Parliament and to civil war in England and Ireland. His constant questioning of Catholic land titles was one of the major causes of the 1641 Rebellion and the principal reason why it was joined by Ireland’s wealthiest and most powerful Catholic families.[30]
The conditions which motivated the settlements were religous persecution in England and a chance to move up from being poor. It appears these platation movement participants came about 150 years or so after the plantation movement began. If Patrick were indentured out to a bootmaker, the family might have been poor.
Reading the below from Wikipedia would suggest that Counties Sligo, land in Wicklow and planned a full scale Plantation of Connacht, and County Roscommon were more likely locateion. Next, Wentworth surveyed the major Catholic landowners in Leinster
In England, Catholics were greatly outnumbered by Protestants and lived under constant fear of betrayal by their fellows. In Ireland however they could blend in with the local majority Catholic population in a way that was not possible in England. English Catholic planters were most common in County Kilkenny, where they may have made up half of all the English and Scottish planters to arrive in this region.[29] Given this it is no surprise that the sons and grandsons of English planters played a major part in the politics of the Confederation of Kilkenny in the 1640s, most notably James Tuchet, 3rd Earl of Castlehaven.
Plantations stayed off the political agenda until the accession of Thomas Wentworth, a close advisor of Charles I, to the position of Lord Deputy of Ireland in 1632. Wentworth’s job was to raise revenue for Charles and to cement Royal control over Ireland — which meant, among other things, more plantations, both to raise money and to break the political power of the Irish Catholic gentry. Wentworth confiscated land in Wicklow and planned a full scale Plantation of Connacht — where all Catholic landowners would lose between a half and a quarter of their estates. The local juries were intimidated into accepting Wentworth’s settlement and when a group of Connacht landowners complained to Charles I, Wentworth had them imprisoned. However, settlement only went ahead in County Sligo and County Roscommon. Next, Wentworth surveyed the major Catholic landowners in Leinster for similar treatment, including members of the powerful Butler dynasty. Wentworth’s plans were interrupted by the outbreak of the Bishops Wars in Scotland, which eventually led to Wentworth’s execution by the English Parliament and to civil war in England and Ireland. His constant questioning of Catholic land titles was one of the major causes of the 1641 Rebellion and the principal reason why it was joined by Ireland’s wealthiest and most powerful Catholic families.[30]
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